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  Ultrasonic Testing Ultrasonic Testing utilizes high frequency sound waves which are not audible to human ears. The Ultrasonic sound waves are used for measurements of thickness of any material. General frequency used in ultrasonic thickness measurements probe is 5 Mega Hertz and above. The probe is placed over the material surface with a liquid or gel spread over the surface. The liquid may be water, oil or gel, which acts as couplant and the couplant eliminates air gap between probe and material. Sound from the probe travels throughout the material and reflects back when it meets the end of the material.  When it meets another material with a different acoustic property, by having the time taken by sound to travel to end and return back the machine calculates accurately the thickness of the material. The technology is very useful to measure thickness of complex profiles and hollow sections, where there is no access on the inner side of the sec...

  Preheating in Welding Procedure Specification: Preheating is the act of heating the base  metal before starting to weld. It is considered very essential in high thickness materials, Cr-Mo Steels & HSLA High Speed Low Alloy steels, etc… Here we are going to answer the below topics What is Preheating ? Why is Preheat Essential ? What is difference between Preheat, interpass temperature and Post weld heat treatment? How to calculate Pre-Heat Temprature ? Where to Preheat in the material ? What is the requirement of pre heat given in International Standards ? What is Preheating ? It involves heating the base metal to a minimum required temperature before start of the weld. The heat should be maintained until the welding is finished. As per AWS D1.1 Preheat is defined as: The temperature of base metal in the volume surrounding the point of welding, immediately before the welding is started. In a multi-pass weld, it is also the temperature immediately before the second and sub...

 This blog will let you know about the principle of Ultrasonic testing What is Ultrasonic Testing? Ultrasonic Testing Uses high frequency sound energy to conduct examinations & make measurements. It can be used for flaw detection, Dimensional measurements. Principle of Ultrasonic Testing: Accoustic Impedance (z) Differance Detect Ability: Screen (or) Display All materials are comprised of atoms, which may be forced into a vibrational motion. In solid, sound can propagate as longitudinal waves, Shear waves, Surface waves (Rayleigh), & in thin material as plate waves (Lamb waves) Wave Propagation: Ultrasonic testing is based on the vibration in materials which is generally referred to as acoustics. All material substances are comprised of atoms, which may be forced into vibrational motion about their equilibrium positions. Many different patterns of vibrational motion with at the atomic level; However, most are irrelevant to acoustics and ultrasonic tes...

  Welding Welding – Process of joining similar metals (or thermoplastic). By heating them to suitable temperature May or may not require pressure May or may not require Filler metal Brazing -Process of joining dis-similar metals . By Melting and pouring the filler metal and pouring on to the joint Both the metals are pre-heated to a suitable temperature Filler metal fills the joint gap by capillary action. Welding Equipment Different Welding Processes SMAW –Shielded Metal Arc Welding TIG / GTAW – Tungsten Inert Gas GMAW /MIG – Gas Metal Arc Welding FCAW – Flux Cored Arc Welding SAW – Submerged Metal Arc Welding ERW – Electric Resistance Welding FSW – Friction Stir Welding Electron Beam Welding And Lot more ……. Welding Codes & Standards ASME section IX – Welding & Brazing qualification ASME B31.1 – Power Piping ASME B 31.3 – Process Piping ASME Section VIII – Pressure Vessel AWS D 1.1 – Structural Steel Welding AWS B 2.1 – Specificatio...

  What is Gamma Radiography Testing? Gamma rays are produced by a radio isotope. A radioisotope has an unstable nuclei that does not have enough binding energy to hold the nucleus together. The spontaneous breakdown of an atomic nucleus resulting in the release of energy and matter is known as radioactive decay. Most of the radioactive material used in industrial radiography is artificially produced.This is done by subjecting stable material to a source of neutrons in a special nuclear reactor.This process is called activation. Unlike X-rays, which are produced by a machine, gamma rays cannot be turned off. Radioisotopes used for gamma radiography are encapsulated to prevent leakage of the material. The radioactive “capsule” is attached to a cable to form what is often called a “ pigtail.” The pigtail has a special connector at the other end that attaches to a drive cable. Radiography Testing Camera: A device called a “camera” is used to stor...