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Thermal Treatments (Heat-Treating):

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  Heat-treating is a term used to describe all of the controlled   heating and cooling operations  performed on a material in the solid state for the purpose of   altering its microstructure  and/or properties. The major objectives of the different kinds of thermal treatments are:   Soften the material for improved workability. Increase the strength or hardness of the material. Increase the toughness or resistance to fracture of the material. Stabilize mechanical or physical properties against changes that might occur during exposure to service environments. Insure part dimensional stability. Relieve undesirable residual stresses induced during part fabrication. Different metals respond to treatment at different temperatures. Each metal has a specific  chemical composition , so changes in physical and  structural properties  take place at different and critical temperatures. Depending on the thermal treatment used, the  atomic structure...

Heat Treatment of Alloys

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  What is an Alloy? Since metals are insoluble in water, alcohol; they are mixed with other metals in molten state which upon cooling solidifies to a solid mixture called an Alloy. This solid state mixture is also referred as a homogeneous liquid mixture. Alloys are formed by mixing a metal with metal or a metal with a non metal. From the above explanation it is clear that an alloy contains atleast one metal. What are the properties of an alloy? Alloys are harder, less malleable. They possess low melting points, low electrical conductivity. They resist corrosion and actions of acids. What is the purpose of alloying metals? To increase the hardness of the metal To lower the melting points of metals. To resist the corrosion of the metal. To modify the chemical activity of the metal. To modify the colour of the metal. To get good casting of metal. Effects or Functions of Alloying Elements: Addition of small amount of certain metals imparts some special properties like hardness, tensil...