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  How to interpret Acceptance Criteria for Ultrasonic Testing as per AWS D1.1 The Requirements of Ultrasonic Flaw detector equipment as per AWS D1.1 Structural Steel Welding code is given below: Equipment: The ultrasonic equipment’s shall be pulse echo type ‘A’ scan suitable for use with transducers oscillating at frequencies between  1&6 MHz. The equipment shall have valid calibration certificate .The test  equipment shall have a calibrated gain control adjustable in discrete 1 or 2 Db steps over a range of at least 60Db. Probe: Transducers/ search units with following characteristics shall be used.              Angle beam :  70° ,60°,45° (within plus minus 2°).              Crystal Size:   Crystal size shall be square or rectangular in shape and may vary from 5/8 inch to 1 inch (15mm to 25mm) in width and from 5/8 inch to 13/16 inch (15mm...

  What is pressure vessel? Pressure vessel is closed container which holds liquids or gasses at a pressure greater than the atmospheric pressure. Definition of Pressure vessel as per ASME BPVC section VIII , Div 1, U1, Pressure vessel are containers for containment of pressure, either external or internal. This pressure may be obtained from a external source or by application of heat. Heat can be applied either by a direct or indirect source, or any combination thereof . Types of pressure vessel based on their purpose : Storage vessel- used primarily for storage of liquids or gases in a pressurized state. Process vessel – vessels in which any of the below operations are performed. Seperation of products combining products breaking down and removing various elements as by products or impurities (Ex. Seperator, reactor, distillation tower, heat exchanger, drums, fractioning tower, etc.) Fired and Un fired pressure vessel Fired pressure vessel – ...